Description

Nalbufin (nalbuphine hydrochloride) Ampoules 10 mg/ml. – 2 ml. – #5

Nalbufin, also known as nalbuphine hydrochloride, is a medication available in the form of ampoules containing 10 mg/ml. of the active ingredient. Each ampoule has a volume of 2 ml, and this product is typically supplied in a package with 5 ampoules.

Overview

Nalbufin is classified as a synthetic opioid analgesic with mixed agonist-antagonist properties. It is used for the management of moderate to severe pain, providing relief through its action on the central nervous system. Nalbufin is a versatile analgesic that can be administered through various routes such as intramuscular, intravenous, or subcutaneous injection.

Mechanism of Action

Nalbufin exerts its analgesic effects by acting on opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. It acts as a mixed agonist-antagonist, meaning it has both agonist (activating) and antagonist (blocking) properties. Nalbufin binds to mu-opioid receptors as a partial agonist and kappa-opioid receptors as a full agonist, resulting in analgesia without the potential for significant respiratory depression.

Indications

Nalbufin is indicated for the relief of moderate to severe pain, such as postoperative pain, labor pain, and pain associated with trauma or medical conditions. It can be used as an alternative to other opioid analgesics in patients who may be intolerant or have contraindications to those medications.

Dosage and Administration

The dosage of Nalbufin should be individualized based on the patient’s pain severity, medical condition, and response to treatment. The usual recommended dose for adults is 10-20 mg. administered every 3-6 hours as needed. The maximum daily dose should not exceed 160 mg.

Nalbufin can be administered by various routes, including intramuscular, intravenous, or subcutaneous injection. The choice of route and dose adjustment should be made by a healthcare professional based on the patient’s needs.

Adverse Reactions

Common side effects associated with Nalbufin include nausea, vomiting, constipation, dizziness, sedation, and sweating. These side effects are usually mild to moderate in severity and tend to resolve with continued use or dose adjustment.

Serious adverse reactions such as respiratory depression, allergic reactions, and misuse or abuse of Nalbufin can occur, especially with high doses or prolonged use. Patients should be monitored closely for signs of respiratory depression and other adverse effects.

Contraindications

Nalbufin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to nalbuphine hydrochloride or other opioids. It should not be used in patients with severe respiratory depression, acute alcoholism, or those who have taken monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) within the past 14 days.

Drug Interactions

Nalbufin may interact with other medications, including central nervous system depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, barbiturates), MAOIs, and serotonergic medications. Concomitant use of Nalbufin with these drugs may increase the risk of respiratory depression, sedation, and other adverse effects.

Healthcare providers should review the patient’s medication history and consider potential drug interactions before prescribing Nalbufin.

Warnings and Precautions

Patients receiving Nalbufin should be monitored for signs of respiratory depression, especially in elderly, debilitated, or opioid-naive patients. The use of naloxone, a reversal agent for opioid overdose, should be readily available in case of respiratory depression or overdose.

Patients with a history of substance abuse or addiction may be at higher risk of misuse or dependence on Nalbufin. Healthcare providers should use caution when prescribing this medication in such individuals.

Storage and Handling

Nalbufin ampoules should be stored at room temperature, protected from light and moisture. The product should be kept out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion. Unused ampoules should be disposed of properly according to local regulations.

Conclusion

In summary, Nalbufin (nalbuphine hydrochloride) is a potent analgesic medication used for the management of moderate to severe pain. Its unique agonist-antagonist properties make it a valuable option for patients who require pain relief without the risk of significant respiratory depression. Healthcare providers should be familiar with the indications, dosing, adverse reactions, contraindications, and precautions associated with Nalbufin to ensure safe and effective use in clinical practice.