Description

Nalbufin (Nalbuphine Hydrochloride) Ampoules 20 mg/1 ml. 1ml. #5

Nalbufin, also known as nalbuphine hydrochloride, is a medication that is commonly used to treat moderate to severe pain. It belongs to a class of drugs known as opioid analgesics, which work by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord to reduce the perception of pain.

The formulation of Nalbufin comes in the form of ampoules containing 20 mg. of nalbuphine hydrochloride per 1 ml. of solution. Each ampoule contains 1 ml. of the medication, and a package typically contains 5 ampoules (designated as #5).

Indications

Nalbufin is indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain in various clinical settings. It can be used for pain relief following surgery, trauma, labor, and other conditions where opioid analgesia is required. Nalbufin is often used as an alternative to other opioids due to its unique pharmacological profile.

Mechanism of Action

Nalbufin acts as a mu-opioid receptor agonist and a kappa-opioid receptor antagonist. This dual mechanism of action contributes to its analgesic effects while reducing the risk of certain opioid-related side effects, such as respiratory depression and dependence.

Pharmacokinetics

When administered intramuscularly or intravenously, Nalbufin is rapidly absorbed and reaches peak plasma concentrations within 30 minutes to 1 hour. The drug has a half-life of approximately 3-6 hours and is primarily metabolized in the liver. The metabolites are excreted mainly through the kidneys.

Dosage and Administration

The usual dose of Nalbufin for pain relief is 10-20 mg. administered intramuscularly or intravenously every 3-6 hours as needed. The dose may be adjusted based on the individual patient’s response to the medication and the severity of pain.

It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by the healthcare provider or pharmacist to ensure the safe and effective use of Nalbufin. The medication should be administered by healthcare professionals in a clinical setting where appropriate monitoring can be performed.

Adverse Effects

Common side effects of Nalbufin may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, constipation, and sweating. These side effects are usually mild and transient, but patients should report any persistent or severe symptoms to their healthcare provider.

Serious side effects of Nalbufin may include respiratory depression, allergic reactions, and misuse or dependence. Patients with a history of substance abuse or respiratory disorders may be at increased risk of experiencing these adverse effects.

Contraindications

Nalbufin is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to nalbuphine hydrochloride or other opioids. It should not be used in patients with severe respiratory depression, acute intoxication with alcohol, hypnotics, or other central nervous system depressants, and in patients with severe asthma or paralytic ileus.

Drug Interactions

Nalbufin may interact with other medications, including central nervous system depressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and certain antidepressants. These interactions can potentiate the effects of Nalbufin or increase the risk of adverse effects. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications they are taking before starting Nalbufin therapy.

Warnings and Precautions

Patients receiving Nalbufin should be monitored for signs of respiratory depression, especially in the initial stages of treatment or following dose adjustments. The medication should be used with caution in elderly patients, patients with respiratory disorders, and those with a history of substance abuse.

Pregnant women should use Nalbufin with caution, as opioid analgesics can cross the placenta and affect the fetus. Breastfeeding women should also exercise caution, as Nalbufin can be excreted in breast milk and may affect the nursing infant.

Storage and Handling

Nalbufin ampoules should be stored at room temperature, away from light and moisture. The medication should be kept out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion. Unused ampoules should be properly disposed of according to local regulations.

Conclusion

Nalbufin (Nalbuphine Hydrochloride) is a valuable medication for the management of moderate to severe pain. With its unique pharmacological profile and dual mechanism of action, Nalbufin provides effective analgesia while minimizing the risk of certain opioid-related side effects. Patients should use Nalbufin as directed by their healthcare provider and report any adverse effects promptly for proper management.

Always consult a healthcare professional for personalized medical advice and treatment recommendations related to the use of Nalbufin.